Advances in Versatile Copper Sulfide-Based Nanoplatforms: From Synthesis and Properties to Multifaceted Biomedical Applications.

Copper sulfide nanoparticles have become a versatile class of functional materials in the biomedical field. They exhibit responsiveness to near-infrared (NIR) light, catalytic activity, tunable electronic structures, and compatibility with integrated diagnostic and therapeutic designs. Controlled synthetic strategies have allowed copper sulfide nanomaterials to be precisely tailored with respect to their size, morphology, crystalline phase, and surface characteristics. Copper sulfide can serve as an imaging-active component, drug carrier, and bioresponsive modulator in composite biomedical nanoplatforms. This versatility has promoted the development of copper sulfide-based systems for tumor therapy, wound healing, biosensing, multimodal imaging, anti-inflammatory interventions and cardiovascular treatment. Copper sulfide has emerged as a promising platform for integrated therapeutic strategies. Copper sulfide-containing nanoplatforms can further support signal amplification and contrast enhancement in diagnostic applications. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, properties and multifaceted biomedical applications of copper sulfide-bearing nanoplatforms. Special emphasis is placed on their contributions to composite fabrication, mechanism-driven design strategies, and application-oriented functional integration. We also discuss current challenges and future perspectives. Overall, copper sulfide-based nanoplatforms represent promising and adaptable systems for biomedicine.