The association between the C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index and stress urinary incontinence in women: A population-based study.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the correlation between the C-reactive protein-Albumin-Lymphocyte (CALLY) index, Systemic Immune-inflammation Index (SII), and Aggregate Systemic Inflammation Index (AISI), which are comprehensive biomarkers of inflammatory status, and female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: Based on cross-sectional study data from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), univariate analyses of continuous variables and categorical variables were performed using t-tests, linear regression, and χ2 tests. Associations between CALLY index, SII, AISI, and SUI were further examined through weighted multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analyses. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to assess potential nonlinear relationships between inflammatory markers and SUI risk. Subgroup analysis indicated a consistent relationship among CALLY index, SII, and SUI across the majority of subgroups. RESULTS: A total of 7144 women were included. A higher CALLY index was associated with fewer SUI patients, demonstrating a protective effect. Conversely, a greater AISI was associated with an increase in SUI patients (P < 0.05). In all three models, CALLY index showed a significant inverse correlation with SUI risk (P < 0.01), whereas AISI demonstrated a positive correlation with SUI (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis suggested a nonlinear relationship between CALLY index, AISI, and SUI. Subgroup analysis indicated a consistent association among CALLY index, AISI, and SUI in most subgroups. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that an elevated CALLY index is a protective factor for SUI, whereas an elevated AISI represents a risk factor. The CALLY index exhibits greater stability compared with other inflammatory markers (SII, AISI), though prospective studies are warranted to validate these results.