Biosensing With Nanofluidics

Nanofluidics, the study of fluid transport confined within nanochannels and nanopores, has emerged as a transformative technology across various domains, including sensing, separation, energy harvesting, materials synthesis, and bionic systems. Biosensing with nanofluidics, which involves the conversion of biomolecular information into fluidic signals through nanoscale fluid manipulation, is on the verge of revolutionizing the sensing paradigm, from DNA/protein sequencing, single-molecule analysis, disease diagnosis, and precision medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of the current progress in nanofluidic biosensing, with a focus on in-plane, out-of-plane, and free-plane nanochannel and nanopore structures. We highlight the potential of nanofluidics in biosensing applications and discuss the current challenges faced in the development of nanofluidic-based biosensing technologies. Furthermore, we explore future opportunities in this field, propose potential solutions to these challenges, and aim to contribute to the ongoing discourse in nanofluidic biosensing. Our insights are intended to pave the way for future advancements in this promising field.