Tengfei Zhang, Zhiyi Lin, Chen Li, Xiaolu Cai, Shenghui Shen, Jiayuan Xiang, Xinhui Xia, Zhong Qiu, Chong Tang, Ming Song, Wei Wen, Yongqi Zhang
ABSTRACT Global decarbonization imperatives fuel urgent demands for high‐energy‐density batteries, yet persistent challenges from intrinsic electrode instabilities and interfacial failure mechanisms critically constrain their practical implementation. Conventional modification approaches encounter fundamental limitations in overcoming thermodynamic constraints and achieving atomic‐level precision. Plasma technology has gained prominence as a promising candidate for advancing next‐generation energy storage components due to its unique operating principles in selective surface activation mechanisms and nonequilibrium energy transfer processes. This review systematically elucidates the fundamental mechanisms of plasma technology and its versatile functionalities, including vacancy generation, doping, deposition, and phase transformation. These techniques, widely adopted for modifying the electrode material interface, enhance ionic transport, electronic conductivity, and corrosion resistance, thereby improving overall battery performance. Furthermore, this paper elaborates on the applications and advantages of cold plasma technology in modifying both cathode and anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries and solid‐state electrolytes for next‐generation batteries. Finally, the future development trend is proposed, involving the construction of data models to bridge the gap between laboratory‐scale breakthroughs and industrial production demands, thereby offering guidance for the next generation of energy technologies.