Acute and Late Angiographic Lumen Assessment of the Coronary Artery Diameter After Drug Coated Balloon Angioplasty.

BACKGROUND: Drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty has emerged as an alternative strategy. However, data on its mid-term angiographic and clinical outcomes remain limited. METHODS: This study included 70 patients who underwent DCB angioplasty. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) measurements were obtained before, immediately after, and at follow-up angiography. The primary endpoint was binary restenosis (≥ 50% diameter stenosis), while secondary endpoints included late lumen loss (LLL), late lumen enlargement (LLE), and target lesion revascularization (TLR). AIMS: We aimed to evaluate angiographic outcomes of DCB-treated de novo, in-stent restenosis (ISR), and chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions using follow-up coronary angiography and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), including acute lumen gain, late lumen loss, late lumen gain, and binary restenosis. RESULTS: Among 70 patients, 25 (35.7%) developed binary restenosis at follow-up. Minimal lumen diameter, minimal lumen area, and percent diameter stenosis showed significant differences across pre-procedure, post-procedure, and follow-up assessments (all p < 0.001). LLL was observed in 72.9% of patients, whereas 27.1% exhibited LLE. Multivariate logistic regression identified active smoking as an independent predictor of binary restenosis (odds ratio [OR]: 9.23, p = 0.019), whereas female sex was associated with a lower risk (OR: 0.07, p = 0.031). No acute thrombosis occurred within 48 h, and one noncardiac death was reported during the first month. CONCLUSION: DCB angioplasty demonstrated favorable mid-term angiographic efficacy with low rates of binary restenosis and TLR. These findings support DCB therapy as an effective revascularization strategy for selected patients with coronary artery disease.