Recent Advances in Fluorescent Sensors for On-Site Forensic Analysis.

Fluorescent sensors have become essential tools for achieving on-site detection in forensic science owing to their inherently high sensitivity and specificity. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of science and technology, the application of fluorescent sensing technology in the forensic field has been significantly enhanced. It has demonstrated particularly promising prospects in the detection of illicit drugs and toxicological substances, the analysis of gunshot and explosive residues, as well as the detection of latent fingerprints. However, substantial challenges remain in several key areas, including structural sensor design, signal amplification technologies, simultaneous multitarget detection, and the further miniaturization and intelligentization of fluorescent devices. This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress of fluorescent sensors in forensic science reported in recent years. Furthermore, it explores the development trends of fluorescent sensing technology for on-site forensic detection. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive reference for the future development of fluorescent sensors characterized by high targeting capability, low background interference, exceptional portability, and advanced intelligence.