Carolina E. Demaman Oro, Jéssica Mulinari, Carlos Rafael Silva de Oliveira, Afonso Henrique da Silva Júnior, Éllen Francine Rodrigues, Rogério Marcos Dallago, Marcus V. Tres
Abstract Biomass, as the sole carbon‐containing renewable resource in nature, holds significant potential to replace fossil fuels in the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials while achieving carbon neutrality or even negative emissions. Thermochemical conversion methods, including pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction, have emerged as promising approaches to address the limitations of traditional biomass processing, such as incomplete utilization and low conversion efficiency. This review explores recent advancements in thermochemical conversion technologies, focusing on innovations that enhance process efficiency, product quality, and environmental sustainability. Key aspects include the integration of catalytic processes, novel reactor designs, and the development of bio‐oil upgrading techniques. Challenges, optimization strategies, and future perspectives for large‐scale application are also discussed, paving the way for sustainable biomass utilization.