Closing the Gaps: Integrating Biological, Ecological and Taxonomic Data to Support the Identification and Conservation of the Atlantic Pygmy Devil Ray ( <scp> <i>Mobula hypostoma</i> </scp> )

ABSTRACT The Atlantic pygmy devil ray ( Mobula hypostoma ) is an endangered mobulid species whose conservation is hindered by taxonomic confusion and significant gaps in ecological and life history knowledge. Here, we present an integrative study that clarifies the species' taxonomic status, updates its distribution and synthesizes new and existing data on its biology and ecology to inform conservation strategies. We provide further support for the synonymy of Mobula rochebrunei with M. hypostoma based on consistent morphometric and biological traits across Atlantic populations and designate a neotype to stabilize species identification and improve range assessments. Field and aquarium data from over 300 individuals provide detailed morphometrics, weight–disc width relationships, size at maturity and evidence of sexual dimorphism in dentition. Our results suggest that M. hypostoma relies heavily on shallow coastal and estuarine habitats, where it exhibits schooling, foraging and mating behaviours—key life history events that increase vulnerability to bycatch in artisanal and commercial fisheries. A synthesis of confirmed sightings and historical records expands the known distribution to multiple previously unreported range states and territories. Although the species benefits from protection in parts of its western Atlantic range, it remains unprotected and data‐deficient elsewhere, particularly off the coast of West and Central Africa, where range restriction has likely occurred. By consolidating taxonomic, biological, ecological and behavioural data, this study provides a foundation for improved monitoring, management and policy efforts aimed at ensuring the long‐term survival and recovery of M. hypostoma .