Fan Li, Zhuoming Chen, Yu Wu, Binjie Xin, Jinke Guo, Jun Zhang
ABSTRACT Developing intelligent antibacterial materials with environmental responsiveness is crucial for addressing the challenges of real‐time monitoring and efficient infection control in the fields of wound healing and environmental remediation. In this study, a multifunctional Janus electrospun nanofibrous membrane based on a synergistic system of anthocyanin/thymol (AN/THY) was developed, which integrated unidirectional water transport, pH‐responsive monitoring, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Experimental results demonstrate that the Janus nanofibrous membrane exhibits excellent unidirectional water transport and inhibits reverse penetration due to the gradient pore structure and wettability difference between layers. It also exhibits a suitable physiological environment‐compatible gas permeability of 14 mm/s, enabling efficient gas exchange. In addition, the bilayer membrane shows a DPPH radical scavenging rate of up to 91% and an antibacterial rate of nearly 100% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus ; moreover, the membrane exhibits distinct color changes within the pH range of 3–13 and a high color reversibility of more than 95%. The developed Janus nanofibrous membrane has great potential in the fields of intelligent wound dressings, environmental monitoring, and provides a new strategy for the development of multifunctional intelligent materials.