Social Vulnerability and Pesticides Exposure in Horticultural Work, Cordoba, Argentina.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated pesticide exposure among horticultural workers (2016-2017) in Córdoba City's Green Belt (CGB), in Argentina, by measuring effect biomarkers and self-reported symptoms during two seasons with different exposure levels. METHODS: Thirty-four participants provided blood samples for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) analysis, and 23 completed health and exposure questionnaires in a longitudinal study design. RESULTS: The results showed seasonal variations in symptomatology and AChE-Er activity. There was greater enzyme inhibition in autumn compared to spring, and more respiratory and neurological symptoms reported during the spring season. No significant seasonal differences were found in AChE-Pl activity. Multiple correspondence analysis identified two social vulnerability profiles. The most vulnerable group consisted mainly of Bolivian migrant workers who showed no enzymatic recovery. This group had low education levels, worked as tenants, and used inadequate personal protective equipment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of biannual AChE monitoring and the need for participatory public health interventions that are tailored to local working and living conditions. This study improves our understanding of pesticide exposure and vulnerability in horticultural contexts.