Cutting‐Edge Advances in Metal Phosphides: Rational Synthesis to Dynamic Reconstruction for Electrochemical Water Splitting

ABSTRACT Hydrogen energy, celebrated for its high energy density and zero carbon emissions, is widely regarded as an indispensable pillar of 21 st ‐century green energy systems. Against this backdrop, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have attracted considerable attention due to their distinctive physicochemical properties when applied in electrochemical water splitting (EWS). Nevertheless, their intrinsic activity remains limited by the suboptimal adsorption energetics of reaction intermediates, high kinetic barriers for water dissociation, and often lengthy or energy‐intensive synthesis protocols. This review begins with a concise overview of microwave‐assisted synthesis, a rapid, energy‐efficient, and highly controllable strategy for material fabrication. Then, we provide a comprehensive introduction to the rational design of TMP‐based electrocatalysts through diverse modification strategies, with particular information on their dynamic electrochemical reconstruction behavior under operational conditions. Special focus is placed on advanced engineering approaches that enable scalable, efficient hydrogen production by integrating advanced techniques powered by renewable sources. The final section highlights recent application advances, ongoing challenges, and emerging opportunities for TMP electrocatalysts within the evolving landscape of next‐generation energy structure. Collectively, this review provides a comprehensive summary of precisely engineered TMP electrocatalysts with reconstruction behavior that functions as high‐performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for EWS‐based renewable energy generation.