Zubaida Rukhsana Usha, Wei Bai
ABSTRACT Cellulose aerogels have emerged as a promising class of lightweight, highly porous, and sustainable materials with remarkable multifunctional properties, attracting significant research interest in recent years. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of cellulose aerogel research, with emphasis on its synthesis, properties, surface modifications, and multidomain applications. Various cellulose‐derived aerogels, including plant‐derived, regenerated, bacterial, and nano‐based types, are discussed to highlight the influence of precursor origin on structure and performance. Key fundamental properties such as porosity, density, liquid absorption capacity, specific surface area, and thermal behavior are critically analyzed and emphasize their critical roles in defining functional efficiency. Furthermore, advanced surface modification strategies are highlighted as effective routes to tailor material properties for targeted applications. The diverse application potential of cellulose aerogels is explored across adsorption, separation, thermal insulation, food preservation, energy storage, carbon aerogel precursors, and the biomedical area. To conclude, current challenges associated with scalability, structural stability, and environmental impact are discussed, along with future perspectives emphasizing sustainable processing, rational design, and multifunctional hybrid systems. By integrating advances across chemistry, materials science, and engineering, cellulose aerogels stand as versatile candidates for next‐generation technologies.