Triboelectric Property in Implantable Bioelectronic Systems

ABSTRACT Incorporating triboelectricity into implantable bioelectronic systems offers a distinctive pathway for enabling autonomous electrical functions within dynamic biological environments. Despite rapid progress over the past decade, existing implantable triboelectric devices are often discussed in a fragmented manner, with limited differentiation among excitation sources, functional roles, and intended implantation durations. Moreover, current studies predominantly emphasize electrical output metrics while lacking clinically meaningful performance benchmarks, constraining systematic comparison and translational evaluation. This review examines the development of triboelectricity‐based implantable bioelectronic systems with an emphasis on in vivo operation and therapeutic relevance. Mechanical excitation sources are organized into endogenous and exogenous categories, encompassing intrinsic physiological motions as well as externally applied stimuli. The functional landscape of implantable triboelectric devices is further clarified by delineating power supply, in situ sensing and signal transmission, and in situ therapeutic intervention as distinct operational modalities. Implantable operation cycles are also discussed in relation to durable implantation and temporary implantation therapeutic objectives. Building on these classifications, forward‐looking design considerations are proposed with a focus on site‐specific integration, function targeting, and outcome‐oriented performance metrics. Together, this structured framework aims to support rational device design, enable meaningful cross‐study comparison, and facilitate the clinical translation of triboelectric implantable bioelectronic systems.