Influence of Carbon Nanoparticles on Electrically Induced Wear of Grease‐Lubricated Steels

ABSTRACT Under electrified conditions, the interfacial parameters that govern wear under electrical loading, and the way electrical and mechanical effects remain insufficiently understood. In this study, the electro‐tribological behavior of lithium‐, calcium‐, and aluminum‐based greases was systematically investigated under non‐electrified and electrified sliding conditions, with a particular focus on the role of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) as functional additives. Rheological, adhesion, electrical, friction, and wear measurements were combined with surface characterization to elucidate the governing mechanisms. Under electrified conditions, base greases exhibited pronounced friction instability, elevated wear rates, and severe surface damage. In contrast, CNP‐modified greases demonstrated substantially improved performance, with up to ∼45% reduction in wear and significantly stabilized friction behavior. Electrical analyses revealed that while CNPs reduce the bulk electrical impedance of the grease matrix, they increase the contact resistance during sliding, indicating enhanced interfacial electrical separation. Regression analysis demonstrated that wear under electrified conditions is primarily governed by the electrical impedance of the grease system, with CNPs playing a central role in regulating charge transport and interfacial electrical stability. These findings establish an electro‐mechanical framework linking CNP‐enabled impedance regulation.