Polysaccharide‐Based Anisotropic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

ABSTRACT The inherent oriented topological architecture in native tissues constitutes the fundamental basis for their specialized physiological functions. Polysaccharides, recognized for their exceptional biocompatibility, degradability, and modifiability, serve as ideal substrates for constructing biomimetic oriented scaffolds. This review summarizes advanced fabrication strategies for polysaccharide‐based oriented structures, including fiber alignment, template induction, direct digital fabrication, and field‐guided assembly, and elucidates their core regulatory mechanisms on cellular behaviors such as spatial guidance, mechanotransduction, and immune microenvironment modulation. Furthermore, it highlights the design principles and recent advances in intelligent responsive‐oriented scaffolds. In conjunction with the regeneration requirements of specific tissues (nerve, bone, cardiac, and skin), the review discusses personalized design strategies and functional outcomes of anisotropic structures for different tissue types. finally, current core challenges in the field are analyzed, and future directions are prospected, encompassing ai‐driven design, multi‐signal synergistic smart scaffolds, and the standardization of clinical translation. This work aims to provide a framework for developing next‐generation polysaccharide‐based anisotropic scaffolds with enhanced performance and functionality, applicable across diverse tissue engineering applications.