Seung‐Hyun Heo, Hyunseok Song, Seongwook Min, Jung Hwan Park, Han Eol Lee, Mahesh Peddigari, Srinivas Pattipaka, Chang Kyu Jeong, Daniel J. Joe, Yuho Min, Kwi‐Il Park, Tiandong Zhang, Woon Ik Park, Keon Jae Lee, J. K. Ryu, Geon‐Tae Hwang
ABSTRACT We report a flexible self‐charging capacitor system that integrates a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a flexible Pb(Zr x Ti 1 ‐ x )O 3 (PZT) ferroelectric ceramic capacitor by aerosol‐deposition (AD). The flexible PZT capacitor demonstrated high energy storage capabilities, achieving a recoverable energy density of 35.8 J cm − 3 under an applied electric field of 2000 kV cm −1 , as determined from the measured polarization‐electric field (P‐E) hysteresis curve. To enhance triboelectric performance, a micro‐imprinting process is applied to the Al surface in the TENG, improving the contact surface area and output performance. Using biomechanical tapping as an input, the TENG produced a rectified open‐circuit voltage of 350 V, corresponding to an electric field of 1000 kV cm −1 across the PZT capacitor. The flexible self‐charging PZT capacitor exhibited a recoverable energy density of 5.9 J cm −3 and a discharge power density of 16.0 MW cm −3 . This improved power density is achieved through the combination of a simple micro‐patterning technique on the TENG and the annealing of the AD PZT film, which induced a slim ferroelectric P‐E hysteresis behavior. Our results suggest that this flexible self‐charging system holds significant promise for powering next‐generation flexible smart devices and high‐power electronics, offering a scalable and efficient approach to energy harvesting and storage.