Biomaterials in Architecture and Construction

Sustainable building and architectural techniques now have a viable option in biomaterials, which provide creative solutions that put resource efficiency and environmental responsibility first. The application of biomaterials—which come from natural sources like plants, algae, and fungi—is examined in this overview, with an emphasis on the materials’ adaptability, environmental friendliness, and capacity to lower the built environment's carbon footprint. Key topics discussed include the integration of biomaterials in architectural design, structural efficiency and material optimization, energy efficiency and climate control, material innovation, water management, and biophilic design. Additionally, the historical use of biomaterials and traditional building techniques is examined, emphasizing the enduring human-environment relationship. The review delves into the modern revival of biomaterials, advances in sustainable concrete, and the challenges and future directions for energy-efficient biomaterial architecture and construction.