Ultrasonography

This chapter aims to provide basic background information on diagnostic ultrasound (US) physics, to understand its practical application, and to discuss its use in the zoo setting. Diagnostic US uses high-frequency sound waves emitted by the transducer that penetrate tissues. Whether using a new or an old machine, there are standard buttons on all US machines that are critical to efficient image optimization and study quality. The US operator should know the transducer's movement techniques when imaging. Typical US interpretations can include location, margination, number, shape, size, and echogenicity. There are multiple US artifacts that can be anticipated and interpreted in real-time. Doppler US can be used to assess blood flow. Doppler effect within vasculature occurs from the movement of blood cells. Ultrasound machines are available in different platforms. Consistent imaging methodology will improve the efficiency and technical skill of the user.