Rhinocerotidae and Tapiridae

The family groups Rhinocerotidae and Tapiridae are hindgut fermenters and members of the order Perissodactyla, meaning odd-toed ungulates. There are five extant species of rhinoceros from four genera including: Ceratotherium simum , Diceros bicornis , Dicerorhinus sumatrensis , Rhinoceros unicornis , and Rhinoceros sondaicus . Tapiridae are smaller in size, allowing for more options for radiography and computed tomography. Diagnostic imaging in both families is often obtained under voluntary restraint. Ultrasound imaging of most body regions in tapirs is possible with operant conditioning. Imaging of the axial skeleton and proximal limbs is limited by the muscle mass and ability to position equipment for radiography. Female tapirs possess a bicornuate uterus and a single pair of mammary glands. Reproductive system concerns are relatively common in rhinoceros, particularly in older and nulliparous females.