Canidae and Hyaenidae

The current taxonomic classification of the family Canidae includes 13 genera and 36 species of dogs, coyotes, foxes, jackals, and wolves. In 2019, the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group classified the dingo and the New Guinea singing dogs as feral dogs. Members of the Canidae family are present in all continents except Antarctica and inhabit a diverse variety of habitats ranging from deserts to tropical forests. African wild dogs have only four digits on all limbs, lacking any vestigial first digit in the thoracic limb. Hypovitaminosis D has been reported in wild arctic foxes, captive red foxes, and at least one captive juvenile coyote. Hypertrophic osteodystrophy, also known as metaphyseal osteopathy, is a developmental, self-limiting, inflammatory condition of domestic dogs. As in domestic dogs, wild canids and hyaenids are at risk for mechanical ileus from foreign material ingestion, including bones, material from the habitat, and enrichment items.